Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including heart attacks, strokes, and hypertension, have become one of the leading causes of death in Pakistan. Despite significant advancements in healthcare, Pakistan continues to face a rising burden of cardio-related issues, with increasing numbers of cases every year. Factors such as poor lifestyle choices, lack of awareness, high levels of stress, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure are all contributing to the rise of heart diseases in the country. This growing crisis requires urgent attention and action to prevent further deterioration of public health.
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for almost 30-40% of deaths in Pakistan, making them one of the top killers in the country. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Pakistan has one of the highest rates of cardiovascular disease in South Asia. This is alarming, considering the country’s young population, where both middle-aged and elderly people are increasingly at risk.
In recent years, there has been a steady rise in the number of younger patients suffering from heart-related conditions. Many cardiologists are now treating patients as young as 30 who are dealing with heart attacks, high blood pressure, or cholesterol-related issues. This trend indicates that CVDs are no longer just a concern for the elderly but are impacting younger generations as well.
Causes of Cardio Issues in Pakistan
- Unhealthy Diet and Lifestyle Choices
One of the primary contributors to the increase in cardiovascular diseases in Pakistan is poor dietary habits. The traditional Pakistani diet, rich in saturated fats, fried foods, and high levels of salt, has been linked to an increase in obesity, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure—major risk factors for heart disease. Fast food consumption has also skyrocketed in recent years, particularly in urban areas, where processed and junk foods have become a staple for many families.
Physical inactivity is another major factor contributing to heart disease. Sedentary lifestyles, particularly in urban settings, mean that many Pakistanis are not getting enough exercise. With modern conveniences reducing the need for physical exertion, the lack of regular physical activity further increases the risk of obesity and related cardiovascular problems.
- Smoking and Tobacco Use
Tobacco use is a significant cause of heart disease in Pakistan. Smoking rates remain high, particularly among men, and the use of chewing tobacco and pan (betel leaf) is widespread. These habits increase the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular complications by damaging blood vessels and raising blood pressure.
Efforts to control tobacco use in Pakistan have been inconsistent, with public awareness campaigns failing to reach large parts of the population. As a result, smoking and tobacco-related habits continue to play a significant role in the country’s cardio issues.
- Lack of Awareness and Education
A significant barrier to addressing cardiovascular diseases in Pakistan is the lack of awareness about heart health and the risk factors associated with CVDs. Many people are unaware of the dangers posed by high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and unhealthy diets, leading them to neglect their heart health until it’s too late. Preventive healthcare measures, such as regular check-ups, cholesterol screenings, and blood pressure monitoring, are often overlooked, particularly in rural areas where healthcare access is limited.
In addition, the stigma surrounding mental health means that many people in Pakistan fail to recognize the link between stress and heart disease. Chronic stress, anxiety, and depression, all of which are on the rise in Pakistan, contribute to higher rates of cardiovascular diseases. However, these issues are often dismissed or ignored, leaving a gap in understanding how emotional well-being affects physical health.
- Genetics and Family History
Genetics also play a role in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Pakistan. A family history of heart disease significantly increases the risk of developing heart problems at a younger age. Despite this, many individuals are not aware of their genetic predisposition to heart disease, which leads to a lack of preventive measures and regular screenings.
Challenges in Cardiovascular Healthcare
Pakistan’s healthcare system faces numerous challenges when it comes to treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases. Inadequate healthcare infrastructure, particularly in rural areas, means that many patients lack access to specialized care and treatment for heart-related conditions. Public hospitals often suffer from overcrowding, insufficient equipment, and a shortage of trained healthcare professionals, making it difficult for patients to receive timely and effective treatment.
Cost is another barrier to effective treatment for cardiovascular diseases. Many of the treatments and medications required to manage heart conditions are expensive, making them inaccessible for a large portion of the population. This is especially true in lower-income households, where people are often forced to choose between daily necessities and life-saving medications.
The Way Forward: Preventive Measures and Solutions
Addressing the cardiovascular crisis in Pakistan requires a comprehensive approach that focuses on both prevention and treatment. Public health campaigns should emphasize awareness of heart health and the importance of lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthier diet, quitting smoking, and engaging in regular physical activity. School-based health education programs can help inculcate good habits in younger generations, encouraging them to adopt healthier lifestyles early on.
The views expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect Coverpage’s editorial stance
